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Hydrocracking
The need for gasoline of a higher quality than that obtained by catalytic cracking led…
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Highlights of the TIP
The following are some of the highlights of the TIP process: ● TIP has been…
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Isomerization
The isomerisation process involves the transformation of one molecular structure into another (isomer) whose component…
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Platforming Process
The feedstock of the platformer is drawn from the refinery''s distillation units. This is first…
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Chemistry
The main reactions of platforming process are as follows: ● Dehydrogenation of naphthenes, yielding aromatics…
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Platforming
Motor gasoline (Mogas) production starts with the distillation of crude oil. One of the products…
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Hydrotreating
The objective of the Hydrotreating prococess is to remove suplur as well as other unwanted…
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Distillation
The crude needs to be heated up before entering the fractionation column and this is…
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Refining
Distillation is the first step in the processing of crude oil and it takes place…
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Common Symbols Used in Water Treatment
CATIONSANIONSCalcium, Ca++Nitrate, NO3-Magnesium, Mg++Chloride, Cl-Iron, Fe++Sulfate, SO4-Manganese, Mn++Bicarbonate, HCO3-Sodium, Na+Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3-Copper, Cu++Hydroxide, OH-Hydrogen Sulfide,…